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| Neumann U 87 AI Multi-pattern Microphone |
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The U 87* is probably the best known and most widely used Neumann studio microphone. It is equipped with a large dual-diaphragm capsule with three directional patterns: omnidirectional, cardioid and figure-8. These are selectable with a switch below the headgrille.
A 10 dB attenuation switch is located on the rear. It enables the microphone to handle sound pressure levels up to 127 dB without distortion.
Furthermore, the low frequency response can be reduced to compensate for proximity effect.
Applications
The U 87 Ai condenser microphone is a large diaphragm microphone with three polar patterns and a unique frequency and transient response characteristic.
Users recognize the microphone immediately by its distinctive design. It is a good choice for most general purpose applications in studios, for broadcasting, film and television.
The U 87 Ai is used as a main microphone for orchestra recordings, as a spot mic for single instruments, and extensively as a vocal microphone for all types of music and speech.
Acoustic features
The U 87 Ai is addressed from the front, marked with the Neumann logo. The frequency response of the cardioid and figure-8 directional characteristics are very flat for frontal sound incidence, even in the upper frequency range. The microphone can be used very close to a sound source without the sound becoming unnaturally harsh. By means of a high-pass filter interferences through subsonic and low frequencies are reduced remarkably.
Polar patterns
The dual-diaphragm capsule is elastically mounted and protected by a large headgrille. A switch below the headgrille selects the three directional patterns: omnidirectional, cardioid and figure-8. A window above this switch shows the symbol of the selected characteristic.
Electrical features
The letter A in the name indicates a more recent generation, as compared to the U 87 i microphones that were built from 1967 to 1986. Modifications apply to the electronic components of the microphone only; the capsule remained unchanged.
The present-day circuitry increases the operational headroom of the U 87 Ai by supplying the bias voltages for the capsule through a reduced resistance. The result is a higher sensitivity of 10 dB for identical sound pressure levels, and an improved S/N ratio of 3 dB.
Filter and attenuation
A switch located at the rear attenuates the sensitivity by 10 dB. When this switch is activated, the microphone accepts sound pressure levels up to 127 dB (equivalent to a sound pressure of 45 Pa) without distortion.
An additional switch at the rear allows to change the microphone's cutoff frequency. This reduces low frequency interference directly at the input of the microphone amplifier.
This setting also compensates for the unavoidable bass boost that occurs with all pressure gradient transducers when they are used at close distance (proximity effect).
The cardioid characteristic maintains a smooth frequency response at a distance of 30 to 40 cm, the figure-8 characteristic even at a distance of 15 to 20 cm.
Features
Variable large diaphragm microphone
Pressure-gradient transducer with double membrane capsule
The studio microphone classic
Three directional characteristics: omni, cardioid, figure-8
Switchable low frequency roll-off
Switchable 10 dB pre-attenuation
Ideal as main and as support microphone in the most differing recording situations
Specification :
Acoustical operating principle Pressure gradient transducer
Directional pattern Omnidirectional, cardioid, figure-8 plus
Frequency range 20 Hz ... 20 kHz
Sensitivity at 1 kHz into 1 kohm 20/28/22 mV/Pa1)
Rated impedance 200 ohms
Rated load impedance 1 kohms
Equivalent noise level, CCIR2) 26/23/25 dB1)
Equivalent noise level, A-weighted2) 15/12/14 dB-A1)
Signal-to-noise ratio, CCIR2) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 68/71/69 dB1)
Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted2) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 79/82/80 dB1)
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5%3) 117 dB (cardioid)
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5% with preattenuation3) 127 dB
Maximum output voltage 390 mV
Dynamic range of the microphone amplifier (A-weighted) 105 dB
Supply voltage (P48, IEC 61938) 48 V ± 4 V
Current consumption (P48, IEC 61938) 0.8 mA
Matching connectors XLR3F
Weight 500 g
Diameter 56 mm
Length 200 mm
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