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| Neumann KM 120 Side Address Figure Microphone |
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The variable condenser miniature microphone system consists of several active microphone capsules with different directional characteristics, an output stage, and numerous accessories.
Currently there are seven active capsules available: omni diffuse-field equalized, omni free-field equalized, cardioid, wide-angle cardioid, cardioid with bass roll-off, hypercardioid, and figure-8.
Through the modular construction of mic capsules and the output stage it is very easy to adapt the system to a wide range of applications. The mic becomes nearly invisible during work with cameras (film, video), on stage, or suspended from the ceiling in a concert hall.
An active capsule can also be screwed directly onto the output stage. The result is a compact miniature microphone.
Construction
The microphones are only 92 or 110 mm resp. long and 22 mm in diameter. They consist of the condenser capsule and the output stage. Both parts can be unscrewed from each other. The system offers several condenser capsules with different directional characteristics.
Numerous accessories can be mounted between the capsules and the output stage. The capsules attach to cables, capsule extensions, swivel mounts, table stands, goose-necks, stereo mounts, and hangers. Therefore, it is very easy to adapt the system to a wide range of applications.
The active capsule itself is only 35 or 47 mm resp. long. The KM 100 output stage and the active microphone capsule may be separated by up to 50 m of interconnecting cable. These cables are 3 mm in diameter, and therefore very inconspicuous.
Acoustic features
AK 20 is a pressure gradient transducer with the figure-8 characteristic, realized with a single diaphragm. The diaphragm diameter is just 16 mm. All sound field components reach the diaphragm directly. This results in identical frequency response curves and output levels at 0° and 180° sound incidence. Corresponding accessories allow combining the AK 20 with other active capsules or microphones to obtain an MS-Stereo setup.
AK 30 is a diffuse-field equalized pressure transducer with a flat frequency response up to 10 kHz (in the diffuse field). In the free sound field this microphone has a boost of approximately 7 dB at 10 kHz.
AK 31 is a free-field equalized pressure transducer with a flat frequency response up to 20 kHz (in the free field). In the diffuse sound field this microphone has a high frequency roll-off above 5 kHz.
AK 40 is a pressure gradient transducer with cardioid characteristic. The frequency curves are very smooth and match 0° sound incidence. Sound from sources within a pickup angle of ± 135° is reproduced without any coloration.
AK 43 is a pressure gradient transducer with wide-angle cardioid characteristic. Attenu- ation at 90° is 4 dB, at 135° it is 8 dB and at 180° it is 11 dB. The frequency response curves for sound sources within an angle of ± 90° are parallel up to 12 kHz.
AK 45 is a pressure gradient transducer with cardioid characteristic, similar to the AK 40. However, it has an acoustic bass roll-off that is useful during applications when subsonic and low frequencies may cause difficulties. The AK 45 is optimized for a flat low frequency response at a recording distance of 15 cm (“speech cardioid”).
AK 50 is a pressure gradient transducer with hypercardioid characteristic. Attenuation of sound incidence from the side or rear is about 10 dB, with minimum sensitivity at an angle of 120°.
Electrical features
The KM 100 is phantom powered (48 V) and uses transformerless output circuitry. This has several advantages. It features high output capability and extremely low self noise. It provides exceptionally clean sound, free of any coloration. As with traditional transformers, this circuit approach ensures good common mode rejection. The balanced output signal is protected against interference.
The construction is extremely compact. The entire microphone circuitry is on a single hybrid module measuring only 2 cm² in area. It is built into the microphone capsule, therefore the term “active capsules”.
All sensitive components are protected within the capsule. As a result, the quality of the audio signal is never compromised through the use of accessories, for example, when the capsule is detached from the output stage and mounted on a cable or a gooseneck.
Even with a long cable between active capsule and output stage, the signal is immune to external interference.
Preattenuation
The output stage has a 10 dB switch. Attenuation is achieved by reducing the capsule voltage to one third.
When the switch is on, the microphone is capable of accepting sound pressure levels up to 150 dB without being overloaded.
Connectors
To diminish the number of connectors within the KM 100 System some accessories were modified. They can now be screwed directly onto the KM 100 output stage without using the KA 100 cable adapter. The new accessories which include the cable adapter, were renamed adding the suffix KA. For example: LC 3 is now LC 3 KA.
The separate KA 100 cable, needed for older accessories, will be available also in future.
The KM 100 output stage has a 3-pin XLR connector.
Sound diffraction sphere
The SBK 130 sound diffraction sphere slips onto the front of the KM 130/KM 131 pressure microphones. The diaphragm becomes an integral part of the surface of the sphere. This affects the frequency response of the microphones.
While sounds coming from the front-half space are emphasized by up to 2.5 dB between 2 kHz and 10 kHz, sounds arriving from the rear-half space are attenuated by a maximum of 2.5 dB in the range above 5 kHz.
Since the sound diffraction sphere causes the pressure buildup of the KM 130/KM 131 pressure microphones to begin earlier, the frequency response rises smoothly in the middle and upper range. This is similar to a typical pressure gradient microphone, where the directivity increases with rising frequencies. However, since the KM 130/KM 131 are pressure microphones, they maintain a linear sensitivity down to the lowest frequencies.
This changing directivity allows to record at a greater distance from the sound source, and makes the KM 130/KM 131 microphones especially suited as stereo main microphones in A-B configurations.
KM 100 F Output stage
The KM 100 F output stage is an alternative to the KM 100 output stage. In contrast to the KM 100 output stage with a flat frequency response, the KM 100 F attenuates frequencies below 80 Hz at 6 dB/octave. This eliminates or suppresses interference caused by wind or structure-borne noise.
A built-in slide switch allows to raise the cut-off frequency (-3 dB point) from 80 Hz to 120 Hz. An additional slide switch lowers the sensitivity by 10 dB.
Stereo recordings
By means of the AC 30 adapter cable two active capsules, AK 20 and e.g. AK 40 can be connected as MS stereo pair directly with the MTX 191 (A) matrix amplifier. The XY or MS signal is then available at the 5-pin XLR output connector of the MTX 191 (A), and the recording angle can be electrically remote controlled. The output stages KM 100 are then not required.
Stereo set
The cardioid and hypercardioid microphones are also available as complete stereo sets, SKM 140 and SKM 150, including all accessories in a single jeweler's box.
Features
Miniature microphones with 7 exchangeable capsules
Active capsules, detachable up to 50 m from the output stage
Great variability through capsule extensions and goosenecks
Switchable 10 dB preattenuation
Set includes windshield and two different clamps
Transformerless circuitry
Extensive accessories
Specification :
Acoustical operating principle Press. grad. transducer Pressure transducer Pressure transducer
Directional pattern Side-fire figure-8 Omni diff. field eq Omni free field eq
Frequency range 20 Hz ... 20 kHz 20 Hz ... 20 kHz 20 Hz ... 20 kHz
Sensitivity at 1 kHz into 1 kohm 12 mV/Pa 12 mV/Pa 12 mV/Pa
Rated impedance 50 ohms 50 ohms 50 ohms
Rated load impedance 1 kohms 1 kohms 1 kohms
Equivalent noise level, CCIR1) 26 dB 27 dB 25 dB
Equivalent noise level, A-weighted1) 17.5 dB-A 16 dB-A 16 dB-A
Signal-to-noise ratio, CCIR1) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 68 dB 67 dB 69 dB
Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted1) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 76.5 dB 78 dB 78 dB
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5%2) 140 dB 140 dB 140 dB
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5% with preattenuation2) 150 dB 150 dB 150 dB
Maximum output voltage 10 dBu 10 dBu 10 dBu
Dynamic range of the microphone amplifier (A-weighted) 122.5 dB 124 dB 124 dB
Supply voltage (P48, IEC 61938) 48 V ± 4 V 48 V ± 4 V 48 V ± 4 V
Current consumption (P48, IEC 61938) 2 mA 2 mA 2 mA
Matching connector XLR3F XLR3F XLR3F
Weight 102 g 80 g 80 g
Diameter 24/22 mm 22 mm 22 mm
Length 110 mm 92 mm 92 mm
Technical Data KM 140, KM 143
Acoustical operating principle Press. grad. transducer Press. grad. transducer
Directional pattern Cardioid Cardioid wide angle
Frequency range 20 Hz ... 20 kHz 20 Hz ... 20 kHz
Sensitivity at 1 kHz into 1 kohm 15 mV/Pa 15 mV/Pa
Rated impedance 50 ohms 50 ohms
Rated load impedance 1 kohms 1 kohms
Equivalent noise level, CCIR1) 25 dB 25 dB
Equivalent noise level, A-weighted1) 16 dB-A 16 dB-A
Signal-to-noise ratio, CCIR1) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 69 dB 69 dB
Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted1) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 78 dB 78 dB
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5%2) 138 dB 138 dB
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5% with preattenuation2) 148 dB 148 dB
Maximum output voltage 10 dBu 10 dBu
Dynamic range of the microphone amplifier (A-weighted) 122 dB 122 dB
Supply voltage (P48, IEC 61938) 48 V ± 4 V 48 V ± 4 V
Current consumption (P48, IEC 61938) 2 mA 2 mA
Matching connector XLR3F XLR3F
Weight 80 g 80 g
Diameter 22 mm 22 mm
Length 92 mm 92 mm
Technical Data KM 145, KM 150
Acoustical operating principle Press. grad. transducer Press. grad. transducer
Directional pattern Cardioid with low frequency roll-off Hypercardioid
Frequency range 20 Hz ... 20 kHz 20 Hz ... 20 kHz
Sensitivity at 1 kHz into 1 kohm 14 mV/Pa 10 mV/Pa
Rated impedance 50 ohms 50 ohms
Rated load impedance 1 kohms 1 kohms
Equivalent noise level, CCIR1) 26 dB 27 dB
Equivalent noise level, A-weighted1) 17 dB-A 18 dB-A
Signal-to-noise ratio, CCIR1) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 68 dB 67 dB
Signal-to-noise ratio, A-weighted1) (rel. 94 dB SPL) 77 dB 76 dB
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5%2) 138 dB 142 dB
Maximum SPL for THD 0.5% with preattenuation2) 148 dB 152 dB
Maximum output voltage 10 dBu 10 dBu
Dynamic range of the microphone amplifier (A-weighted) 121 dB 124 dB
Supply voltage (P48, IEC 61938) 48 V ± 4 V 48 V ± 4 V
Current consumption (P48, IEC 61938) 2 mA 2 mA
Matching connector XLR3F XLR3F
Weight 80 g 80 g
Diameter 22 mm 22 mm
Length 92 mm 92 mm
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